Neuro / Spine

With its inception in the early decades of the 20th century, neurological surgery was accompanied by overwhelmingly high mortality and neurological diseases morbidity. However, with time there has been the intrusion of newer techniques and technologies. Thus, neurological surgery had a massive journey from the early years of the last century to the recent date. In the second and the third decade, the indirect diagnosis of brain tumors and vascular pathologies was possible. The credit for this goes to the introduction of pneumoencephalography, ventriculography and angiography. Surgeons were restricted to crude and conventional diagnostic and operative techniques, and there was the absence of skilled neuro-anesthesia back at that time. The lack of microsurgical instruments and profound knowledge of the professionals about controlling and maintaining the intracranial pressure during surgery resulted in a hostile atmosphere. Sophistication in delineating brain lesions happened in the early 1970s with the advent of Computed Tomography Scan. To manage the raised intracranial pressure during surgery, surgeons welcomed the cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedures for hydrocephalus. However, the most profound and extensive leap happened in the 1990s. Both the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and the high magnification surgical microscope came into existence aiding humanity in the surgical resection of brain tumors. Side by side, colossal progression took place in neuro-anesthesia techniques and the management of intracranial pressure. All the combined efforts led to surgeons operating on a relaxed brain and safely resectioning the brain tumor and managing the vascular lesions. The surgical microscope enhanced the magnification, which resulted in a better understanding of microsurgical anatomy. The increased rate of mortality and morbidity was further reduced to an extreme level with radiation treatment and chemotherapy developed in the 1950s and 1960s. They acted as adjuvant therapy to combat the brain tumors. The possibilities of central nervous system infections and brain abscesses are also brought under control with the broad-spectrum antibiotics and steroids. Surgeons had taken recourse to the endovascular procedures to treat vascular diseases in the brain in the two concluding decades of the former century. The 21st century opened new doors in molecular biology and genetics, combined with the boom in information technology. The advancement of computer technology has hailed newer changes. Several computer-based applications like neuro-imaging, neuro-navigation, intraoperative neuro-monitoring have become a part of standard neurosurgical practice. Medical personas use a 64-slice CT scan having the capacity of 3D imaging to treat vascular reconstructions during aneurysm surgery. Also, this advanced feature aids in brain tumour surgery by providing a profound anatomicopathological demonstration. The metabolic neuro-imaging assists the surgeons to distinguish the brain tumours from infections and metastasis. The doctors use Intraoperative MRI imaging to resect brain tumours such as pituitary adenomas and gliomas with optimum safety. Functional neuro-imaging, on the other hand, extends help in studying epilepsy surgery. For patients suffering from spinal cord injuries and degenerative neurological ailments, the modern technique of neuromodulation with stem cells to restore the function of neurological functionalities is in use in the present state. The results whatsoever are not anything outstanding, yet they come with some rays of hope for the patients. The further incorporation of stereotaxy has given access to robotics in neurosurgery. However, in neurosurgery, it had been around two decades since robots are being used. Still, the current robotic system's restrictions and limitations have kept the maximum usage of robotics in oblivion from humankind. Behind the opulent progressions and advancement there lies a challenge for the neurosurgeons hailing from the 21st century. The last century has witnessed some extraordinary and remarkable changes in the domain of neuroscience. So, the present-day neurosurgeons have to assimilate those progressions and then incorporate them into the contemporary paradigms. The advancement in computer technology is hoped to help the researchers probe deeper into the subject by creating large, central databases of neurological diseases. These central databases will then end up becoming perfect reference models for investigation, therapeutics and research. Surgeries have evolved to a greater level wherein real-time images can be accessed, thus helping a surgeon maintain accuracy. This can be achieved with the help of Intraoperative image guidance. For pituitary surgery, image guidance navigation technique keeps on enlightening the surgeons with anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinus and relationship of tumours with the carotid arteries. But, the only drawback associated with it is that the equipment comes in a high price range. Further, the operating room personnel has to undergo rigorous training to use the equipment effectively. With the assistance of the linear accelerators and sophisticated systems providing visualization and guidance, surgeons can perform stereotactic radiosurgery. It can treat primary and metastatic lesions and arteriovenous malfunctions. The surgeons are introduced to effective treatment of radioresistant neoplasms through the linear accelerators and visualization systems. Furthermore, there have taken remarkable advancement in molecular biology and genetics, which can alter the treatment procedure of a brain tumour or a degenerative neurological disease. With the help of genetic microarray, doctors can easily detect the type of brain tumour. Also, it will suggest the therapies targeting the relevant molecular particles. Foetal neurosurgery has been conducted in an experimental setting, though it will take some more time to incorporate it into routine clinical practice. Worldwide acceptance is still not achieved. But, if the genetic abnormalities in the utero are detected early enough, it will provide the mothers with a chance to come to some acknowledged decision about the future of their pregnancy. The 21st century will witness the advantage of nano-technology that would allow the doctors to infuse chemotherapeutic agents directly into the tumour bed. The neuroscience has hailed nano-technology applications such as nanoimaging with nano-particles and quantum dots, nano repair, and nanomanipulation. The modern-day advancements are walking towards making surgeries minimally invasive. Neurosurgeons have to amalgamate both the IT progressions and advancement in molecular biology and genetics in the current medical scenario. The clinical neurology will keep on making decisions regarding surgery, while with the aid of technology, surgeons can achieve precision, perfection and sophisticated techniques. Furthermore, a Neurosurgeon will have to collaborate with neurologists, neuroradiologists, and psychologists to treat a patient since many neurological diseases have turned multimodal.

The Cyberknife System is a Radiation Therapy device made by Accuray Incorporated. The device delivers radio waves to treat malignant tumours, benign tumours and many other medical issues. Radiofrequency (RF) energy is used in the Cyberknife System to kill cancer cells.As with any medical procedure, a cyberknife system must be employed. When the doctor is removing the tumour, it is placed under an x-ray. This radiation will damage the tissue of the tumour as the machine removes it. While removing the tumour, the device sends radiofrequency waves that heat the surrounding tissue. This heat damages the DNA of the cancer cells, rendering them unable to reproduce. As the tumour is destroyed, it is possible to detect cancerous tissue with the naked eye.After the tumour is destroyed, doctors will administer high doses of chemotherapy, followed by radiation therapy. The cyberknife can help doctors administer these treatments to the remaining tumours. Since the system provides complete scans at high doses of radiation, it can also detect additional cancers or growths in the body. These additional growths can be dangerous if they spread or get into the heart or lungs.The Cyberknife system operates by sending out short bursts of microwave radiation over short distances. Radiofrequency energy is used to kill the tumour and allow the short bursts of heat from the machine to destroy any remaining healthy tissue. Doctors place the cyberknife over a particular area on the body and send the low-level microwaves into the affected area. This kills the cancerous cells, relieving the patient of pain and allowing him or her to lie comfortably. The robot arm, capable of manipulating large groups of healthy tissue, can work independently.There are some limitations to the Cyberknife treatment. Because the device can only find cancer cells, it cannot always find other types of tumours or growths. This type of treatment can often lead to more side effects than traditional therapies because it is not entirely convincing. Also, this type of treatment is costly because it must use very high-powered microwaves. Other options include eliminating the tumours with surgery, removing them with a surgical procedure or shrinking them with radiofrequency beams.The drawbacks of using a cyberknife system for surgery involve what can happen after the initial high-dose radiation treatment. It has been shown that more tumours often multiply than the healthy tissue surrounding them. This leads to a significant loss of overall tissue health. Also, without correcting the underlying issue or obliterating the tumour, many side effects can occur, such as muscle weakness and fatigue, skin discolouration and an increased risk of developing infections.Because of these side effects, many cancer treatments these days use very intense doses of radiation in conjunction with chemotherapy and surgery. For a patient, it is common to receive multiple treatments over many weeks or months. As you can imagine, this can be very expensive, and several people have had to experience long-term side effects. Even worse, many people find that they need several additional treatments. This adds up to the significant financial strain and can put several people in financial hardship.For these reasons, many cancer treatments have now included a robotic version of the cyberknife. With advances in technology, doctors can now use a wireless device to deliver high-frequency radiation to target tumours without exposing healthy tissue. This allows physicians to virtually eliminate any tumours safely without having to worry about adverse side effects. You can imagine the difference in outcomes between using the cyberknife treatment for cancer and traditional radiotherapy.

Several questions haunt us regarding spine surgery, ranging from, whether the surgery is needed to treat the issue to which one has better implications – the traditional spine surgery or the minimally invasive surgery. When does a patient have to go for surgical intervention? When the patient suffers from extreme neurogenic pain and the non-surgical treatments fails to bring any desired results, surgery emerges as the only best option to cure the issues, including symptoms suggesting spinal cord or nerve root compression. However, in most cases, surgery is considered as the last option, only after the physicians feel that the non-surgical methods turn out non-effective. Initially, when a patient first complains of extreme low back pain or neck pain, the first step involves incorporating regular physical activity while keeping the patient under check. For most patients, this brings relief. However, if the pain persists, the next step includes over the counter treatment and anti-inflammatory medication. The non-surgical treatments include home exercises, medicine, physical therapies, and even spinal injections. Minimally invasive spine surgery & traditional Spine Surgery The traditional spine surgery or the open spine surgery, as the name suggests, attempts to expose the anatomy completely. The minimally invasive spine surgery, on the other hand, involves limited exposure of the anatomy, which may fast track the recovery process. While performing minimally invasive spine surgery, the surgeon uses specific surgical equipment, including intraoperative spinal navigation, to provide greater visibility into the surgeon's surgical areas. Whatever be the surgery procedure, the ultimate goal is to improve the symptoms and put a cessation to the ongoing degeneration. The surgeons want to ensure lower rates of post-surgery infections, less blood flowing, and the recovery process speeds up as much as possible. Though minimally invasive spine surgery often paves the way for swifter recovery, a patient may not bear the conditions suitable for minimally invasive surgery in many cases. At times, the surgical conditions do not stand in support of minimally invasive surgery. Thus, it is wiser to let your surgeon decide whether the traditional operation or a minimally invasive one will serve the best for your neurogenic issues. Surgery is a trauma that is intended as well as manageable. Medical practitioners attempt to increase the surgery's advantage while reducing the complications and the surgery's trauma. Latest surgical techniques and modern technology and a surgeon's proficiency provide more significant benefits to the patients in minimally invasive spine surgeries and complicated traditional spine surgery procedures. The advancement of technology allows surgeons to treat and operate a gamut of spinal disorders that include sciatica and cervical radiculopathy, and spine cancers. People suffering from degenerative disc disease, spinal instability, back and neck pain spine, curvature approach to neurologists, though their treatments differ significantly. Other spinal illnesses that can be treated include spinal deformities, herniated discs, spinal stenosis, sciatica, and congenital spine disorder. Most multispecialty hospitals and institutions offer treatment to every kind of spinal ailments, with utmost dedication and perseverance, Types of Spine Surgeries A range of traditional spine surgery and minimally invasive surgical options are available, each targeted to minimize the symptoms and halt the affected areas from further deterioration. Laminectomy, Microdiscectomy, and Traditional Lumbar Fusion constitute some of the most availed traditional spine surgery procedures. Laminectomy is a type of spine treatment targeted to treat spinal stenosis or pressure on the low back's nerves. Under this process, the surgeon creates a slit on the back of the spine, allowing the surgeon to eliminate the thickened ligaments and bone spurs. Microdiscectomy is the procedure that enables surgeons to treat sciatica, aka, nerve pain resulting from a herniated disc intruding a nerve in the spine. In this surgery, too, the surgeon has to create a small incision in the low back. Following that, the surgeon tends to remove the herniated disk that is pressing on the nerve. When a patient suffers from issues like instability of the spine, scoliosis, extreme erosion of the discs, the surgeon goes for Traditional spinal fusions. The act of fusion refers to using bone from the patient's body and then blend one vertebra with another. To continue the fusion process with ease and stabilize the motion segment, the surgeons place spinal instrumentation like pedicle screws into the vertebrae. While those above are the options for the complex traditional surgery approaches, the standard minimally invasive spine procedure includes Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion, Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion percutaneous instrumentation. In Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion, the surgeon makes access to the spine through a lateral direction. The surgery involves making a small slit on the patient's side, approximately under the ribs. Following this method, the surgeon can carry out the spinal fusion without disturbing the spine's muscles. Percutaneous instrumentation often follows and accompany this procedure of Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion. It involves placing rods and screws between the muscle fibres with computer navigation or intraoperative X-rays. This is where the process differs from the traditional spinal fusion surgery where the surgeons have to remove the muscles. Whatever be the surgical procedures and options, the objective of a right surgeon should be dedicating himself/herself entirely to patient care and positive outcomes. Not just the technical skills, a right spine surgeon should know how to explain their reasons for choosing a surgical procedure, or just the reason for surgery alone to the patients, along with the treatment options that he/she can offer. Thus, a spine surgeon needs to have excellent communication skills too. The domain of medical science keeps welcoming newer and better technologies and treatment procedures. Therefore, for a professional working in the medical arena, learning is a never-ending process. A right surgeon should not restrict himself/herself to a set of learned and trained skills. Instead, he/she should be flexible enough to learn newer techniques, while at the same time sharpening the expertise in the standard approaches. Finally, patients should try to visit health care institutions that will provide them with the utmost assistance and care to deal with spinal issues. Many reputed hospitals own a team of experts specialized in handling any spine issues from the most uncomplicated back pain tp complex operations. Also, many institutions navigate their patients in case of non-surgical methods, to expert spine care providers.

Scoliosis is a spine-related curvature that occurs during the growth of spurt and just before puberty. Scoliosis can take a bad curve due to cerebral palsy, and muscular dystrophy, the reasons for which are unknown. Most of the cases are mild, with a few known symptoms. The complications become prominent as the children grow. Sometimes there is a requirement for surgery, at other times the brace works like a miracle for the cause. The treatment of Scoliosis is not easy as it is related to the spine which is the most critical bone sequence of the body. The condition of a Scoliosis prone patient ranges from good to fair. It depends upon how early the problem has been diagnosed and treated safely. Scoliosis can develop into four states or kinds that depend upon an age group and progresses through all, almost the same: Congenital Scoliosis Neuromuscular Scoliosis Adolescence Idiopathic Scoliosis Adult Denovo Scoliosis Scoliosis Surgery The anterior approach allows an additional segment motion which shares the load of the main affected segments of the spine The recovery time is less than 4 weeks The surgery should stop the spine curve Scoliosis can affect the Heart and Lungs. Damage occurs when the spine curvature is 70 degrees. A curve of 100 degrees can cause severe damage to the position of the Heart and Lungs. Surgery can prevent other future trauma of spine pains and arthritis. Scoliosis Care Management -Post Surgery The patients can walk after 2 or 3 days after surgery and if they are okay then the patient is discharged after 6 -7 days The more immobile the spine is kept, the better the spine will fuse after surgery Bending and lifting are also discouraged The patient needs to be monitored continuously for 2-3 years with X-rays Once the bone is fused, it becomes normal The patients are asked for activity after a thoracic fusion, between the upper and the lower thoracic and lumbar spine. Female patients can deliver babies after the scoliosis fusion. Various types of Scoliosis Surgeries are available in India, which is as on the age and the actual medical condition, the spine of the patient Anterior -Posterior approach Frontal Approach Thoracoscopic Surgery Thoracic Plasty Osteotomies Flatback Surgery Kyphosis Surgery Partial or Complete Vertebra Remove Vertebral Column Resection Indian doctors are well known for their extraordinary achievements in the field of Scoliosis surgeries in the world. Scoliosis can be treated in a non-surgical method which depends on the curve and progression of the condition. It includes a proper fitness routine, brace, and a few sittings with your doctor to analyze the curvature. Symptoms of Scoliosis Treatment depend upon the age and the medical condition of the patient. The most common ones are: Uneven shoulders and blades Uneven Hips S or C-shaped spine posture Unequal distance between arms and the body sphere Ribs that stick out in one area need treatment Uneven waist fold since birth but discovered now We suggest you the 7 Best Scoliosis Treatment Hospitals in India 1. Kedar Ortho Hospital Kedar Ortho Hospital, Porur Chennai is for Bone, Joint, and Spine treatment and surgery. The 50-bed hospital has all the modern amenities to remove your Ortho or Scoliosis issues. Kedar Ortho is a dedicated accident and trauma care center. The hospital specializes in Arthroscopy, Tetraplegics, Paraplegics, Pediatric Orthology, and Oncology. The hospital owns stare of the art technology for top-class scoliosis and back-related surgery platform. Address: Kedar Hospital Mugalivakkam Main Road, Porur, Chennai - 600 125 Phone : 044 2252 3407 / 2252 3445 3. Lotus Multispeciality Healthcare, Bangalore The hospital inpatient care is cost-effective and comfort for patients from international destinations. The hospital specializes in non-communicable diseases and digital clarity for all bone-related and scoliosis issues. The hospital offers specialized solutions for a full spectrum of orthopedic disorders, treatment, surgery, and diagnostics including pediatric upper appendage, lower appendage, and spine conditions. Address: #11/12, Jananakshi Arcade, opposite Sri Jananakshi school, RR Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560098 Phone: 080 2979 3922 3. Columbia Asia Hospital, Bangalore The hospital has many branches in India and is well known for patient care and cure success. The hospital offers Shoulder Surgeries, revision knee and hip replacement surgeries, disc surgery, hematoma, and spinal surgeries for a scoliosis recovery plan. Address 26/4, Brigade Gateway, Beside Metro, Malleswaram West, Bangalore - 560 055 Phone: +91 80 6165 6262 4. Columbia India Hospital, Palam Vihar Delhi The hospital is for advanced surgery. The hospital offers a full range of Scoliosis treatments through the fusion of joints, osteomyelitis, congenital hip dysplasia, juvenile metabolic bone disorders, and even more. Address: Ansal Plaza Near Gol Chakkar, Block F, Palam Vihar, Gurugram, Haryana 122017 Phone: 0124 616 5666 5. W Pratiksha Hospital, Gurgaon The hospital offers space, bedside ultra-modern monitoring systems, and has a good 25 years of record for treating orthopedic patients. The flagship hospital of Pratiksha Group, offers keyhole surgery for hip, shoulders adjustment, subacromial decompression, arthroscopic rotator cup repair, sue implants, stem cells rehabilitation, meniscal transplant, and more. Address: Golf Course Ext Rd, Sushant Lok-II, Shushant Lok 2, Sector 56, Gurugram, Haryana 122011 Phone: 0124 413 1091 6. Hinduja Hospital ,Khar Hinduja hospital is a multi-specialty hospital in Mumbai with advanced treatment and medical facilities. Automated with 26-bed ICU Hinduja hospital is the best hospital for spine scoliosis and orthopedic treatment and surgeries. The hospital offers complex joint replacement, and cardiac and keyhole surgeries. The hospital has an effective non-invasive treatment plan for complex bone and spine problems. The hospital offers backup rehabilitation. Address: Marvela, 724, 11th Rd, Khar, Khar West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400052 Phone: 022 6174 6180 7. Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata Apollo offers the best doctors and spine treatment consultations from all over the country, equipped with all modern surgical facilities and automation. Apollo hospitals are the best spine surgery hospital in the country. It offers 3rd generation spinal implants in India, musculoskeletal impairments, peripheral nerve disorder treatment, sacroiliac joint dysfunction, scoliosis, metal alloys implant for crippling bones deformity, and more. Address:156, Famous Cine Labs, Behind Everest Building, Tardeo Mumbai, Maharashtra – 400034 Phone: 022 4332 4500

Cranioplasty is a treatment, and surgery required mostly after traumatic injuries. In all age groups, the act of tumor removal or a decompress craniotomy is a common cause of surgery due to cranial defects. The brighter aspect of a cranioplasty is not only a repair of cranial defects, cosmetic improvement. It also improves psychological drawbacks and improves social performance. Epilepsy decreases after cranioplasty. But there are instances that cranioplasty surgery causes hydrocephalus, infection, and brain swelling. In children below four years, if there is an intact dura meter, the cranium closure is achieved. The doctors generally wait for the cranioplasty to prevent autograft or allograft infections. In case of infection, the wait time can be from 6 months to 1 year. We suggest to you the best places in India deliver a timed cranioplasty. Cranioplasty involves the usage of metals and nonmetals to repair the cranial defects caused by previous trauma and decompressive craniectomy. It is performed by filling a wide scope of synthetic materials or a bone piece that is suitable for a bone, cell condition. The operation may occur two times a year. Firstly to place the material and the next one is more cosmetic. Cranioplasty Material has necessary implications: They are resistant to infections Non-dilation with Heat Easy to shape, not very expensive Ready to Use and Radiolucency Non-Metal Cranioplasty Materials Celluloid, Tantalum, and Methyl Methacrylate Hydroxyapatite Polyethylene and Silicon Corelle, Ceramic, Courtois Metal Allografts Successful Cranioplasty Surgery removes the threats and protects the brain. In the recent technology-based CT SCAN, CAD, and MRI developments, the surgery is used for cosmetics developments, accelerating and improving neurological conditions. We suggest to you the best Cranioplasty centers in India that provided end-to-end success. All hospitals suggested by us adhere to the present social distancing and sanitizations plans as per international standards. 1. Fortis Hospital, Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore Chennai Fortis is one of the best destinations for Cranioplasty surgery and treatment in India. It has nine branches in Delhi, NCR itself provides world-class service to international patients from almost 40 countries. It has 4000 operational beds and over 400 Diagnostics centers Provides a pre-visit teleconsultation, preoperative surgeon consultation, and recuperation with follow-up facilities Visa Assistance Dedicated Relationship Manager for each patient International Concierge Desk And stay arrangements Complementary Two-Way Air Transfers Payments Via Cash, Crédit, or wire transfer are encouraged The group provides 31 locational options The experienced and modern doctors handle the Brain Suite, Brain Aneurysm Coil, Traumatic Brain Injury Treatment plans, and Cranioplasty complex surgery Address: AA-299, Shaheed Udham Singh Marg, A-A Block, Poorbi Shalimar Bag, Shalimar Bagh, Delhi, 110088 Phone: 011 4530 2222 2. Apollo Gleneagles, Kolkata, and Delhi The Hospital Group provides International class services through its 10000-patient bed capacity and 70 hospital options across the country. The group has achieved a lifetime success award from the Neurological Society of India Apollo hospitals are primary super-specialist tertiary healers. A patient is allowed to rest before the Cranioplasty Plan, Craniotomy for Brain Tumors. All doctors use modern technology and materials to make it a success. Address: Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Mathura Rd, New Delhi, Delhi 110076 Phone: 011 7179 1090 3. Artemis Hospital, Gurgaon Artemis Hospitals are well known for experienced doctors and deals with all complications related to Neurosciences and Cranioplasty surgery. Success rate and doctors’ hands are the key advantages. India’s first JCI and NABH accredited hospital has 11 centers and 400 plus specialty doctors to serve you. The campus meets all the international standards and quality management to treat its patients. The hospital efficiently has the best doctors for Cranioplasty, Brain Movement Disorders and Deep Brain Stimulation focus, Nerve and Brachial Plexus Surgery, Radiosurgery and Cerebrovascular Surgery options, and more Address: Jacobpura, Sector 12, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 Phone: +91 9711209940 4. Global Hospitals- Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad Global hospitals are a multi-chain group of Hospitals that offers more than 2000 international quality beds to their patients who need a super specialty treatment or an advanced brain, Cranioplasty surgery plan. Hospital is located in specialty regions of the country and is considered the best for all complicated and modern surgeries and multi-transplant procedures. Hospital is best for International patients due to its strategic location and travel assistance. It is best for neurosurgery and Cranioplasty complication treatment plans. Address: 35, Dr E, Dr Ernest Borges Rd, opp. Shirodkar High School, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012 Phone: 022 6767 0202 5. Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai The best Medical Research institute offers treatment and surgeries for all modern classes and global treatment plans with international amenities. The hospital offers an 830-bed patient absorption plan with 110 critical care units. Affordable cost, a premier trust, super specialty treatment plans, and equipment under one roof. The highly qualified and experienced Bombay doctors make it easy, to advise and perform a surgery task with excellence. Address: 12, Vitthaldas Thackersey Marg, Near Liberty Cinema, New Marine Lines, Marine Lines, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400020 Phone: 022 2206 7676

Almost 3 million spinal procedures are performed each year on a global scale. There are innumerable conditions that require spinal surgery beginning from sciatica to spinal cord injuries. When a patient does not respond to conservative medical treatments or physiotherapy, then spinal surgery is the last option left with the doctor and the patient. Usually, such surgery can help remove pressure from the nerves and can restore a spine when facing conditions like an unstable or crooked spine. For spinal surgeries, often an endoscopic or microscopic small opening is made through which the surgery is performed. Such surgeries are called minimally invasive spinal surgery (MISS). Endoscopic efforts ensure quicker recoveries and lesser damage to the muscle and tissue around the spine. There are ideally two types of spinal surgeries performed on patients- either fusion or decompression. Decompression surgeries are done to remove pressure from the nerves. Fusion surgeries are done to stabilize one vertebra over another. Laminectomy, laminotomy, foraminotomy, disc replacement and spinal fusion, discectomy, and spinal fusion are some of the usual spinal procedures performed regularly on patients.During surgeries, spinal instrumentations are placed on the back-like plates, along with rods, and bone screws for solidifying the spine by the fusion technique. In many patients, the spinal fusions cause trouble if they do not heal appropriately. However, when the risk-benefit ratio is weighed, spinal surgeries offer more benefits when faced with spinal problems compared to the risks involved. Some of the best hospitals where spinal procedures are performed regularly and successfully are being listed below for your help. Top Hospitals for performing spinal surgeries in India Some of the hospitals where you can undergo spinal surgery are included in the below list. 1. Sakra Hospital, Bangalore The hospital is wholly equipped to treat every kind of spinal disorder commonly observed in patients who visit the hospital. From spinal cord tumors to corrective surgeries, all procedures are performed here. Almost 2500+ surgeries have been performed in the hospital in the past five years. This hospital has every diagnostic facility needed to find out more about any spine-related problems. Address: Sy No 52/2 & 52/3, Devarabeesanahalli, Varthur Hobli (Opp Intel, Outer Ring Road, Marathalli), Bengaluru, Karnataka 560103 2. Primus Superspeciality Hospital The hospital is fully equipped with a wide range of minimally invasive diagnostic, and therapeutic procedures which are used to diagnose the patient's condition. For example, nerve root injections, C.T. guided procedures, vertebroplasty, &kyphoplasty are some of the techniques used to identify the condition of the patients. Address: Primus Super Speciality Hospital Chandragupt Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021 3. NOVA Orthopedic & Spine Hospital, South Delhi This hospital helps your spine return back to health and offers advanced robotics and "pinless" computer navigation for various procedures. It is a 40-bed boutique facility and accommodates three fully functional operation theatres. They have well-equipped intensive care units (ICU) and surgical sub-facilities for different kinds of spinal problems. Address: R2, Nehru Enclave, Kalkaji, South Delhi- 110019 4. Indian Spine Injuries Center, Delhi The center has a dedicated staff and "cutting edge technology" to diagnose and treat patients as per their requirements. It has minimally invasive spine surgery procedures including pedicle screw fixation, kyphoplasty, thoracoscopic facilities, and many other options. It is NABH and NABL certified & attends to the needs of almost two lakh patients from 55 countries. Baclofen pump implantation and many other facilities are made available to the patients at this center. Address: Sector C, Vasant Kunj, Opposite Vasant Valley School, Delhi – 110070 5. Sattvik Spine Foundation, Bangalore Spinal surgeries are necessary procedures and need expert hands. This center has expert doctors and staff who can help your spine appropriately. The rehabilitation center offers physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and other vocational training to incorporate a self-reliant life for their patients. Address: No 13 [Old No 1721], Vrindavan, 41 & A & Cross, 18Th Main Road, 4Th Block East, Jaya Nagar, Near Gn Kalyan Mandap, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560041 6. Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon The team of doctors is highly skilled at performing different surgeries like discectomy, Laminectomy, spinal fusion, and lumbar puncture. It has MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) 3.0 Tesla, gamma camera with SPECT (Single-photon emission computed tomography) diagnostic provisions for your spinal troubles. To date 10,000 spinal surgeries, 2000 neuro-intervention procedures, and 1400 aneurysm coiling procedures have been done here. Address: Sector - 44, Opposite HUDA City Centre, Gurgaon Haryana 122002 7. Brains Neuro Spine Center Bangalore CT (computed tomogram) scan, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), neurosonology, and awake craniotomy are some of the possibilities you can explore in this center. Oximetry, neuro navigator, intraoperative physiological monitoring, and operative microscopes are a few other facilities that you can avail here at this hospital. Address: No. 5, Richmond Road, Shanthala Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Bangalore - 25 (Opp Baldwin School), India 8. IBS Institute of Brain & Spine, New Delhi The hospital provides comprehensive treatments for Parkinson's disease, and gastroparesis among many other diseases. They provide neuromodulation therapy, peripheral nerve stimulation, cortical electrical stimulation, drug pump insertion, and other such facilities to patients undergoing treatment. The hospital receives approximately 600 international patients every year. Address: 73 Ring Road, Lajpat Nagar 3, New Delhi, Delhi 110024 9. Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi Different diagnostic facilities, several medical and treatment facilities, and modalities are also available in the centre. Microscopes and other sophisticated instruments are used to perform surgery safely in the hospital. Address: Patparganj, New Delhi, Delhi 10. Joint & Spine Institute- JSI India Robotic surgery, joint replacement surgeries, spinal procedures, etc are performed in the center. Spinal instrumentations and spinal tumors are dealt with expertise. Post-surgery rehabilitation facilities are also outstanding in the hospital, and costs are economical. Computer navigated surgeries are also highly developed and offer high-level precision. Address: 94/4, Gurunanak Tower, Oppo Girls Govt. College, Near Sec 14 Gurgaon, Haryana 122001, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 Spinal surgeries are costly, and great care must be taken to ensure their success. If you are planning to get it done for yourself or someone close to you, then you can try any one of the above hospitals depending on your location in the country. Spinal surgeries should not be taken lightly since their failure is nothing you can even consider in your life. So make sure you follow this list in case of doubt. If there is something that you want to know further about them, you can use the comment box for this purpose, and we would be happy to help you with more information.