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Dr. Sonia Malik
Dr. Sonia Malik

Founder, Chairman And Medical Director

CONSULTS AT

Max Smart Super Speciality Hospital, Saket +1

EXPEREIENCE :
33 years
SURGERIES :
NA

Treatment Price on request

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Dr. Sonia Malik
Dr. Sonia Malik

Founder, Chairman And Medical Director

CONSULTS AT

Max Smart Super Speciality Hospital, Saket +1

EXPEREIENCE :
33 years
SURGERIES :
NA
Dr Vinutha Arunachalam
Dr Vinutha Arunachalam

Senior Consultant- Obstetrics & Gynaecology

CONSULTS AT

Apollo Children’s Hospitals, Thousand Lights

EXPEREIENCE :
25+ years
SURGERIES :
NA

Treatment Price on request

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Treatment Price on request

Dr Vinutha Arunachalam
Dr Vinutha Arunachalam

Senior Consultant- Obstetrics & Gynaecology

CONSULTS AT

Apollo Children’s Hospitals, Thousand Lights

EXPEREIENCE :
25+ years
SURGERIES :
NA
Dr. Boonsaeng Wuttiphan
Dr. Boonsaeng Wuttiphan

Gynaecologist And Obstetrician

CONSULTS AT

Samitivej Srinakarin Hospital

EXPEREIENCE :
21 years
SURGERIES :
NA

Treatment Price on request

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Dr. Boonsaeng Wuttiphan
Dr. Boonsaeng Wuttiphan

Gynaecologist And Obstetrician

CONSULTS AT

Samitivej Srinakarin Hospital

EXPEREIENCE :
21 years
SURGERIES :
NA
Dr. Anu Bansal
Dr. Anu Bansal

Specialist Obstetrician & Gynecologist & Laparoscopic Surgeon

CONSULTS AT

Medeor 24x7 Hospital

EXPEREIENCE :
13 years
SURGERIES :
NA

Treatment Price on request

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Treatment Price on request

Dr. Anu Bansal
Dr. Anu Bansal

Specialist Obstetrician & Gynecologist & Laparoscopic Surgeon

CONSULTS AT

Medeor 24x7 Hospital

EXPEREIENCE :
13 years
SURGERIES :
NA
Dr. Monika Kumari
Dr. Monika Kumari

Consultant – Obstetrics & Gynaecologist

CONSULTS AT

Fortis Hospital Anandapur Kolkata

EXPEREIENCE :
16 years
SURGERIES :
NA

Treatment Price on request

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Dr. Monika Kumari
Dr. Monika Kumari

Consultant – Obstetrics & Gynaecologist

CONSULTS AT

Fortis Hospital Anandapur Kolkata

EXPEREIENCE :
16 years
SURGERIES :
NA
Dr. Shivani Sachdev Gour
Dr. Shivani Sachdev Gour

Director And Consultant - Fertility Specialist & Gynaecologist

CONSULTS AT

SCI IVF Hospital, Delhi

EXPEREIENCE :
20 years
SURGERIES :
NA

Treatment Price on request

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Dr. Shivani Sachdev Gour
Dr. Shivani Sachdev Gour

Director And Consultant - Fertility Specialist & Gynaecologist

CONSULTS AT

SCI IVF Hospital, Delhi

EXPEREIENCE :
20 years
SURGERIES :
NA

Introduction

Infertility is a complex medical condition that affects millions of couples around the world. Defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular unprotected intercourse, infertility can be emotionally and physically challenging for those experiencing it. In this comprehensive blog, we will delve deeper into the causes of infertility, available treatments, the emotional impact it can have, and the promising advancements in reproductive medicine.

Section 1: Understanding Infertility

1.1 What is Infertility?

Infertility is a medical condition characterized by the inability to achieve pregnancy despite having regular unprotected intercourse for at least a year (or six months if the woman is over 35 years old). Infertility can be primary, where the couple has never conceived, or secondary, where a couple has previously conceived but is unable to do so again.

1.2 Prevalence of Infertility

Infertility is a widespread issue, affecting approximately 10-15% of couples worldwide. The prevalence of infertility varies across different regions and is influenced by factors such as age, lifestyle, and access to healthcare. Understanding the global prevalence of infertility underscores the importance of raising awareness, funding research, and ensuring access to fertility treatments.

Section 2: Causes of Infertility

2.1 Female Infertility

a) Ovulation Disorders: Irregular or absent ovulation is a leading cause of female infertility. Conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), hypothalamic dysfunction, and premature ovarian insufficiency can disrupt the normal ovulation process.

b) Fallopian Tube Issues: Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes can prevent the sperm from reaching the egg or the fertilized egg from traveling to the uterus for implantation. Common causes include pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, or previous pelvic surgeries.

c) Uterine Abnormalities: Structural abnormalities in the uterus, such as uterine fibroids, polyps, or congenital malformations, can hinder embryo implantation and lead to recurrent miscarriages.

2.2 Male Infertility

a) Low Sperm Count (Oligospermia): A low sperm count reduces the chances of successful fertilization. Various factors, such as hormonal imbalances, genetic disorders, or lifestyle choices (e.g., smoking, excessive alcohol consumption), can contribute to oligospermia.

b) Poor Sperm Motility (Asthenospermia): Sperm with impaired motility may struggle to reach and penetrate the egg, thereby reducing the chances of conception.

c) Abnormal Sperm Morphology (Teratospermia): Sperm with abnormal shape and structure may have difficulty fertilizing an egg.

2.3 Unexplained Infertility

In some cases, despite a thorough evaluation, the cause of infertility remains unknown. Unexplained infertility occurs in approximately 10-20% of infertile couples. Research is ongoing to better understand this condition and explore potential treatments.

Section 3: Diagnosis of Infertility

3.1 The Fertility Evaluation Process

When a couple faces infertility, they should seek evaluation by a qualified reproductive specialist. The fertility evaluation typically involves:

a) Medical History Review: The doctor will inquire about the couple's medical history, menstrual cycles, sexual habits, and any prior pregnancies.

b) Physical Examinations: Both partners will undergo physical examinations to identify any visible signs of infertility, such as hormonal imbalances or anatomical abnormalities.

c) Hormone Level Assessments: Blood tests will measure hormone levels to evaluate ovulation and other reproductive functions.

d) Semen Analysis: For male partners, a semen analysis assesses sperm count, motility, and morphology.

e) Ovulation Monitoring: Ovulation can be tracked through various methods, such as basal body temperature charting or ovulation predictor kits.

f) Hysterosalpingography (HSG): HSG is an X-ray procedure that examines the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes for abnormalities.

g) Laparoscopy: In some cases, a minimally invasive surgery called laparoscopy may be performed to inspect the pelvic organs for endometriosis, adhesions, or other issues.

3.2 The Emotional Impact of Infertility

Infertility can have significant emotional consequences for individuals and couples. The constant struggle to conceive, the uncertainty of treatment outcomes, and the fear of not having a family can lead to stress, anxiety, and depression. Communication between partners and seeking emotional support through counseling or support groups can help manage the emotional toll of infertility.

Section 4: Fertility Treatments

4.1 Fertility Medications

For women with ovulation disorders, fertility medications may be prescribed to stimulate ovulation. Commonly used medications include:

a) Clomiphene Citrate: This oral medication induces ovulation by stimulating the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

b) Gonadotropins: Injected gonadotropins directly stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs during a cycle.

c) Letrozole: Another medication used for ovulation induction, especially in women with PCOS.

4.2 Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)

a) Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): During IUI, washed and prepared sperm are directly placed into the uterus during the woman's ovulation period, increasing the chances of sperm reaching the egg.

b) In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): IVF is a widely used ART procedure where eggs are retrieved from the woman's ovaries and fertilized with sperm in a laboratory dish. The resulting embryos are then transferred into the woman's uterus.

c) Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): ICSI is an IVF variant in which a single sperm is directly injected into an egg to facilitate fertilization, especially in cases of male infertility with poor sperm quality.

d) Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT): PGT allows the screening of embryos for genetic disorders before implantation, reducing the risk of passing on genetic conditions to the child.

e) Donor Gametes: In cases of severe male or female infertility, donor eggs, sperm, or embryos may be used in fertility treatments.

4.3 Surgical Interventions

In certain cases, surgical interventions may be necessary to correct anatomical issues that contribute to infertility. Procedures such as hysteroscopic polypectomy, laparoscopic removal of endometriosis, or repair of blocked fallopian tubes can improve fertility outcomes.

Section 5: The Future of Fertility Treatment

5.1 Egg Freezing

Egg freezing, also known as oocyte cryopreservation, is a groundbreaking technique that allows women to preserve their eggs for future use. This method is especially beneficial for women who wish to delay childbearing due to career aspirations, medical reasons, or personal circumstances.

5.2 In Vitro Maturation (IVM)

IVM is an emerging fertility treatment that involves the retrieval of immature eggs from the ovaries, which are then matured in the laboratory before being fertilized and transferred into the uterus. This method has the potential to reduce the need for high doses of fertility medications.

5.3 Stem Cell Research

Stem cell research holds significant promise in the field of infertility treatment. Scientists are exploring the possibility of using stem cells to generate functional eggs and sperm, offering hope for individuals with severe fertility challenges.

Conclusion

Infertility is a complex and emotional journey for many couples worldwide. Understanding the causes of infertility and the available treatments is essential for informed decision-making and seeking appropriate support. From fertility medications and assisted reproductive technologies to the exciting advancements in egg freezing and stem cell research, the future of fertility treatment is promising. Through continued research, awareness, and accessible healthcare, we can offer hope to those struggling with infertility, empowering them to achieve their dream of building a family.

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