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IntroductionThe meniscus is a C-shaped cartilage structure that acts as a shock absorber and provides stability to the knee joint. Meniscus tears are common knee injuries, often occurring during sports activities or sudden twisting motions. Meniscus tears can cause pain, swelling, and limited knee function. Meniscus repair is a surgical procedure designed to treat these tears, preserving the natural meniscus whenever possible. This article provides a comprehensive guide to meniscus repair, including its introduction, symptoms, causes, treatment options, benefits, cost in India, and its significance in restoring knee function and preventing further knee damage.Introduction to Meniscus RepairThe meniscus is crucial for the smooth movement and stability of the knee joint. It cushions the impact of weight-bearing activities and helps distribute the forces acting on the knee. However, the meniscus can become torn due to various factors, such as sudden twisting, cutting, or repetitive stress on the knee joint.Meniscus tears are common sports-related injuries, especially among athletes involved in activities that require pivoting and cutting movements, such as soccer, basketball, and football. Depending on the type, location, and severity of the tear, meniscus injuries can cause pain, swelling, and restricted knee movement.Meniscus repair aims to restore the integrity and function of the meniscus, reducing pain and preserving knee joint health. The procedure is usually recommended for patients with specific tear patterns and certain tear locations, where repair is feasible.Symptoms of Meniscus TearsMeniscus tears can present a range of symptoms, including:Pain: Patients may experience localized pain in the knee joint, especially during movement or weight-bearing activities.Swelling: The knee may become swollen and tender due to inflammation caused by the tear.Limited Range of Motion: A meniscus tear can restrict the full range of motion of the knee joint.Locking or Catching Sensation: Some individuals may experience a locking or catching sensation in the knee, making it difficult to fully extend or flex the joint.Instability: A torn meniscus can lead to feelings of instability or a sense that the knee is giving way.Causes of Meniscus TearsMeniscus tears can occur due to various factors, including:Trauma: A sudden and forceful twist or blow to the knee joint during sports or accidents can cause meniscus tears.Degeneration: As individuals age, the meniscus may weaken and become more susceptible to tears, even with minimal trauma.Repetitive Stress: Activities that involve repetitive bending, squatting, or pivoting movements can gradually wear down the meniscus over time.Treatment: Meniscus RepairThe treatment of meniscus tears depends on several factors, including the type of tear, its location, and the patient's age, activity level, and overall knee health. Meniscus repair is considered when certain criteria are met, such as the tear occurring in the outer region of the meniscus where blood supply is better and the tear is stable enough to be repaired.The meniscus repair procedure typically involves the following steps:Arthroscopic Evaluation: Meniscus repair is often performed arthroscopically, using a small camera (arthroscope) inserted through small incisions in the knee. This allows the surgeon to visualize the tear and surrounding structures.Tear Evaluation: The surgeon examines the type, location, and extent of the meniscus tear to determine if repair is feasible.Repair Technique: Meniscus repair can be accomplished using sutures, anchors, or other devices to secure the torn edges of the meniscus back together.Postoperative Rehabilitation: After the procedure, a tailored rehabilitation program is prescribed to promote healing and restore knee function.Benefits of Meniscus RepairMeniscus repair offers several benefits over meniscectomy (partial meniscus removal), including:Preservation of Meniscus: Meniscus repair aims to preserve the natural meniscus, maintaining its shock-absorbing and stabilizing functions.Improved Long-Term Knee Health: Preserving the meniscus may help prevent long-term knee degeneration and osteoarthritis.Faster Recovery: Meniscus repair typically allows for a quicker recovery compared to meniscectomy.Restored Knee Function: Successful meniscus repair can lead to improved knee function and a quicker return to normal activities.Cost of Meniscus Repair in IndiaThe cost of meniscus repair in India can vary depending on factors such as the type of tear, the complexity of the procedure, the surgeon's experience, and the hospital or medical facility. On average, the cost of meniscus repair in India ranges from ?50,000 to ?2,00,000 or more.ConclusionMeniscus repair is a valuable surgical option for individuals with meniscus tears, aiming to preserve the natural meniscus and restore knee function. The procedure is particularly beneficial for young and active patients, as it helps maintain knee joint health and reduces the risk of long-term complications, such as osteoarthritis. India's advanced medical facilities, skilled orthopedic surgeons, and cost-effective healthcare services make it an attractive destination for patients seeking high-quality meniscus repair procedures. Individuals experiencing knee pain and symptoms suggestive of a meniscus tear should seek timely medical evaluation to determine the most appropriate treatment option for their condition. Meniscus repair can play a pivotal role in restoring knee function, enhancing quality of life, and enabling a prompt return to an active lifestyle.