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Introduction:Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are minimally invasive procedures used to treat vertebral compression fractures (VCFs), which occur when the bones in the spine (vertebrae) collapse or become compressed due to injury, osteoporosis, or other medical conditions. These fractures can cause severe pain, decreased mobility, and potential complications such as nerve compression. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are designed to stabilise the fractured vertebrae, reduce pain, and restore functionality for patients with VCFs. In this article, we will explore the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options, the cost of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty in India, and conclude with their significance in the management of vertebral compression fractures.Symptoms:Symptoms of vertebral compression fractures can vary depending on the location and severity of the fracture. Common symptoms include:1.Sudden, severe back pain: The pain may worsen with movement or weight-bearing activities.2.Limited mobility: Difficulty in bending, walking, or standing for extended periods.3.Loss of height: VCFs can lead to a noticeable reduction in height over time.4.Kyphosis: A forward curvature of the upper back, leading to a hunched or stooped posture.5.Radicular pain: Pain that radiates along the nerves, often causing discomfort in the arms or legs.Causes:Vertebral compression fractures can be caused by various factors, including:1.Osteoporosis: The most common cause of VCFs, osteoporosis weakens the bones, making them susceptible to fracture even with minimal force.2.Trauma: A sudden, severe injury or trauma to the spine, such as a fall or car accident, can cause compression fractures.3.Cancer: Some cancers, particularly those that have spread to the bones, can weaken the vertebrae and lead to fractures.4.Bone Diseases: Certain bone disorders, such as Paget's disease or multiple myeloma, can increase the risk of VCFs.Diagnosis:Diagnosing vertebral compression fractures involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging tests, and medical history review. The following diagnostic methods may be used:1.X-rays: X-ray images of the spine can help identify vertebral fractures and assess their severity.2.Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI provides detailed images of the spine, helping to identify fractures and evaluate nerve compression.3.Bone Density Test: A bone mineral density test (DEXA scan) may be performed to assess bone density and diagnose osteoporosis.4.CT Scan: CT scans can provide a more detailed view of the fractures and their location.Treatment:Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are effective treatment options for stabilising fractured vertebrae and relieving pain associated with VCFs. Both procedures are minimally invasive and are performed under local or general anaesthesia. The key differences between vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are the techniques used for bone cement injection and fracture reduction.1.Vertebroplasty:·A small incision is made in the skin, and a needle is guided into the fractured vertebra under fluoroscopic guidance.·Bone cement is injected into the vertebra, stabilising the fracture and providing immediate pain relief.·Vertebroplasty does not involve fracture reduction.2.Kyphoplasty:·A balloon catheter is first inserted into the fractured vertebra and inflated to create a cavity.·Once the cavity is created, the balloon is deflated and removed, and bone cement is injected into the cavity to stabilise the fracture and restore vertebral height.·Kyphoplasty involves fracture reduction, aiming to restore the vertebra's original shape and alleviate kyphosis.Cost of Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty in India:The cost of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty in India can vary depending on factors such as the hospital's location, the complexity of the procedure, the surgeon's experience, and the type of bone cement used. India's healthcare system offers high-quality medical services at a fraction of the cost compared to many other countries, making it a popular choice for medical tourists seeking cost-effective spine treatments. The affordability, coupled with the availability of skilled spine surgeons and advanced medical facilities, makes India a preferred destination for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty procedures.Conclusion:Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are minimally invasive and effective procedures used to treat vertebral compression fractures. These fractures can cause debilitating pain and reduced mobility, impacting the patient's quality of life. Both vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty offer stabilisation of the fractured vertebrae and pain relief, with kyphoplasty additionally addressing vertebral height restoration and kyphosis reduction. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial for successful outcomes. India's healthcare system provides access to high-quality spine care at a competitive cost, making it an excellent option for patients seeking advanced treatments for vertebral compression fractures. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty represent significant advancements in spinal intervention, offering improved pain relief and functionality for patients with VCFs.