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Overview Haemorrhoidectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove haemorrhoids, which are swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum or anus. Haemorrhoids, also known as piles, can cause discomfort, pain, itching, and bleeding, affecting a person's quality of life. While mild haemorrhoids can often be managed with conservative measures, more severe or persistent cases may require surgical intervention. Haemorrhoidectomy involves the excision of the swollen haemorrhoidal tissue, providing relief from symptoms and improving overall well-being. This article provides a comprehensive guide to haemorrhoidectomy, including its introduction, symptoms, causes, treatment, benefits, cost in India, and its significance in managing haemorrhoidal conditions.Introduction to Haemorrhoidectomy: Haemorrhoids are vascular structures located in the lower rectum or around the anus. When these veins become swollen and inflamed, they can cause discomfort, itching, pain, and bleeding during bowel movements. Haemorrhoids are common and can affect people of all ages, with various factors contributing to their development. While many cases of haemorrhoids can be managed with lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and over-the-counter treatments, more severe or persistent cases may require haemorrhoidectomy.Haemorrhoidectomy is a surgical procedure that aims to remove the enlarged haemorrhoidal tissue, providing relief from symptoms and preventing complications. The surgery can be performed using various techniques, including traditional excisional haemorrhoidectomy or newer minimally invasive procedures.Symptoms of Haemorrhoids: The symptoms of haemorrhoids can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Common symptoms of haemorrhoids include:Rectal Bleeding: Bright red blood may be seen on the toilet paper or in the toilet bowl after a bowel movement.Anal Itching: Haemorrhoids can cause persistent itching and discomfort around the anus.Pain or Discomfort: Swollen haemorrhoids can cause pain and discomfort, especially during bowel movements.Anal Swelling: External haemorrhoids may appear as a lump or swelling around the anus.Prolapse: In severe cases, internal haemorrhoids may prolapse or protrude outside the anus, requiring manual reduction.Causes of Haemorrhoids: The exact cause of haemorrhoids is not always clear, but several factors can contribute to their development. Common causes of haemorrhoids include:Straining during Bowel Movements: Chronic constipation or excessive straining during bowel movements can put pressure on the veins in the rectum and anus, leading to haemorrhoid formation.Chronic Diarrhea: Persistent diarrhea can irritate the anal area and contribute to haemorrhoid development.Pregnancy: Increased pressure on the rectal veins during pregnancy can cause haemorrhoids.Obesity: Excess body weight can put additional strain on the pelvic region, contributing to haemorrhoids.Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity and prolonged sitting can affect blood flow and increase the risk of haemorrhoids.Treatment: Haemorrhoidectomy: Haemorrhoidectomy is usually considered when conservative measures and non-surgical treatments have not provided relief from haemorrhoid symptoms. The surgical procedure involves the following steps:Preoperative Evaluation: Before the surgery, the patient undergoes a thorough evaluation, including a physical examination, medical history review, and possibly additional tests to assess the severity of the haemorrhoids.Surgical Procedure: The surgeon performs the haemorrhoidectomy while the patient is under general or local anesthesia. The enlarged haemorrhoidal tissue is excised, and any prolapsed internal haemorrhoids are returned to their original position.Postoperative Care: After the surgery, the patient requires postoperative care, including pain management, wound care, and dietary modifications to promote healing and prevent constipation.Benefits of Haemorrhoidectomy: Haemorrhoidectomy offers several benefits for patients with severe or persistent haemorrhoids:Symptom Relief: Haemorrhoidectomy provides effective relief from symptoms such as bleeding, itching, pain, and discomfort.Improved Quality of Life: By alleviating haemorrhoidal symptoms, the surgery can significantly improve a person's quality of life.Prevention of Complications: Haemorrhoidectomy can prevent complications associated with untreated or severe haemorrhoids, such as thrombosis, strangulation, and chronic bleeding.Long-Term Results: Haemorrhoidectomy provides long-lasting results, reducing the likelihood of haemorrhoids recurring in the future.Cost of Haemorrhoidectomy in India: The cost of haemorrhoidectomy in India can vary depending on factors such as the hospital or medical facility, the surgeon's expertise, the extent of the procedure, and the patient's overall health. On average, the cost of haemorrhoidectomy in India ranges from ?50,000 to ?1,50,000 or more.Conclusion Haemorrhoidectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove haemorrhoids and provide relief from symptoms such as bleeding, itching, pain, and discomfort. While many cases of haemorrhoids can be managed with conservative measures, more severe or persistent conditions may require surgical intervention. Haemorrhoidectomy offers several benefits, including symptom relief, improved quality of life, prevention of complications, and long-term results.For individuals suffering from severe or persistent haemorrhoids, haemorrhoidectomy is a safe and effective treatment option. India's advanced medical facilities, skilled healthcare professionals, and cost-effective healthcare services make it an attractive destination for patients seeking high-quality haemorrhoidectomy procedures. However, patients should undergo a thorough evaluation, discuss the potential risks and benefits of the surgery with their healthcare team, and choose a reputable medical facility with experienced surgeons to ensure the best possible outcome.